Verifying machine



11 Sheets-Shet 1 VERIFYING MACHINE E. W. GARDINOR INVENTOP 151A [0 7T)ALGAR 0/0 02 BY ATTORNEY April 3, 1951 Filed 001;. 17, 1945 April 3,1951 E. w. GARDINOR VERIFYING MACHINE ll Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 17,1945 April 3, 1951 E. w. GARDINOR VERIFYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 17, 1945ll Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ELL l'orr M Gaza/Won ATTORNEY April 3, 1951E. w. GARDINOR VERIFYING MACHINE 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 17, 1945INVENTOR [1.1. 1'0 TT N GAR my on #p/ ATTORNEY April 3, 1951 E. w.'GARDINOR 2,547,456

VERIFYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 17', 1945 ll Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG..12. 22

INVENTOR ELL/071' M Gmwilyon Af'roRNEY April 1951 E. w. GARDINOR2,547,456

VERIFYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 17, 1945 11 Sheets-Sheet 'T INVENTOR 5. .1.ioTT W Gaza/00R BY ATZI'ORNEY April 3, 1951 E. w. GARDINOR VERIFYINGMACHINE 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Oct. 17, 1945 v INVENTQR ELL/O'ITWGA/ZD/l/OR v BY ATTORNEY April 3, 1951 E. w. GARDlNOR VERIFYING MACHINEFiled Oct. 17, 1945 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 I86 R19 480 my 2/0 INVENTOR.ELL/'oTr M 6m 0/0 02 April 1951 E. w. GARDINOR 2,547,456

VERIFYING MACHINE Filed Oct. 17, 1945 ll Sheets-Sheet 10 FIG. 17a.

SPICE ,150 /.67

INVENTOR. ELL/0T7 14/ 6/2201 Iva/z Patented Apr. 3, 1951 VERIFYINGMACHINE Elliott" W. Gardinor, Conklin, N. Y., assignor to InternationalBusiness Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of NewYork Application October 17, 1945, Serial No. 622,903 9 Claims.((173-456) This invention relates to verifying machines employed in theverification of perforated tabulating cards, and more particularly toimprovemerits in devices of thisclass which are automatic in operationand. electrically controlled.

The main object of the; present invention is to make more efficie'nt,render automatic and improve generallyrheretoforezknown verifier orerror indicators of the characters to which this invention appertains.Record cards as perforated for use in controlling accounting machinesare generally provided withcolumnsin which alphabetic data may bepunched in the form of combinational perforations. Other columns may beperforated to: represent numerical data and certain columns may. be setaside to receive special machine operationcontrolling perforationsv inpredetermined positions in; the columns. These special columnsmay'attimes be, employed to receive numerical data as well asthespecialperforations so that such columnscontain a plurality ofperforationsrelated to different things.

A specific objectof the invention is to provide an improved relaycircuit arrangement for testing each of a succession of card columns forthe presence of the required perforations.

Another object is to provide animproved circuit arrangementfor. testingeach of asuccession of card columns for the presence of extraneousperforations therein.

. A further object is toprovide an improved arrangement to verify theabsence of perforations in the column of acardin which a skip operationis started under control of the skip key.

Provision is made" for indicating an error by the illumination of asignal lamp, disabling of further-verifying operations and retention ofthe column; in error at the card sensing position. Further provision. ismadeto enable the operator to reverify the column in error and, ifuponthe second testing the column is found to be correctly punched, thecard will advance to the next position. If the error indication isrepeated for the second attempt, the machine automatically releases thecard and advances it to a removal position requiring manual removal ofthe card from the machine.

Mechanism is provided to notchan edge of the card if it has beenverified as being correct. Notching takes place after the last columnhas advanced past the sensing position, and further provision is madefor automatically ejecting into a hopper only those cards which arenotched. Unnotched cards must be manually removed from the machine andoperations cannot be resumed until this is done;

Another object of the machine is to provide an arrangement whereby cardsto be verified must either be fed from a supply hopper to thesensingdevices or, if manually inserted, the card carriage rack must bemanually returned to the first column position.

A still furtherobject resides, in the provision of aso-calledmaster orpattern card containing designations to control special functionsincidental to the sensing of certain columns of the.

cards to be verified.

Other objects of theinvention will be pointed out in the following,description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,which disclose, by way of example, theprinciple of the invention and'thebest mode, which has beencontemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine showing the relationship betweenthe several units thereof.

Fig. 2 is a detail looking at the direction. of line 2-2 of Fig. 1,showing'the so-called last column contactsand the mechanism foroperating them.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the machine.

Fig. 4 is a' detail. section looking in the direction of line 4-4 ofFig; 1,.showing the card ejecting device;

Fig. 5 is a central section through the card sensing mechanism, the viewlooking in the direction of line 5- 5"of- Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a detail of the card carriage supporting mechanism, the viewgenerally in the direction of lineii--6 of. Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a fragment of a record card to be verified.

" Fig. Bis a fragment of a master card.

Fig. 9 is a view showing theso-called column cutout contacts and theiroperating mechanism. This view is taken along the line 9+9 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of the outsideof the card. sensing andfeeding mechanism with the casing broken away to show the interiorconstruction.

Fig. 11 is a detail-of parts shown in dottedlines in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12'is a view taken along the line l2l2 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is a detail of the clutch mechanism of Fig. 10 with certain. ofthe parts in operated position.

Fig. 14v isa further detail of the clutch mechanism of Fig. 3 with theparts in operated position.

Fig. 15 is adetail of the card carriage escapement control mechanism.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic perspective showing the record card carriageand its relationship to the sensing pins and the notching device.

Figs. 17, 17a and 17b placed one above the other constitute a wiringdiagram of the electric circuits of the apparatus.

The machine in its general mechanical arrangement is similar to thatshown in the patent to O. B. Shafer 2,315,741, granted April 6, 1943,and comprises a card feeding and sensing unit and a separate alphabetickeyboard arrangement. The feeding and sensing unit is shown in Fig. 1and the keyboard is represented only diagrammatically in the circuitdiagram (Fig. 1''!) by keys 2 which, when depressed, close contacts 3,there being a double contact for each alphabetic key and a singlecontact for each numerical key. The structural arrangement of thekeyboard is the same as shown in Fig. 12 of the patent referred to,wherein there is also provided the usual bail contacts 4 which closealong with each selected set of character representing contacts 3.

Referring to Fig. 1, cards to be verified are placed in a hopper l andfrom here they are fed singly from the bottom of the stack by the usualpicker I l which advances the card to the card carriage. This cardcarriage comprises a rack l2 supported for horizontal reciprocation fromwhich extends the card stop i3 at the left end and a card pusher M atthe right end (see also Fig. The pusher I4 is made of resilient materialso that, as the bottommost card is moved from the hopper [0 toward theleft, as viewed in Fig. 5, it will pass beneath the pusher l4 causingthe latter to flex upwardly and let the card pass by. When the trailingedge of the card has been advanced sufficiently, the left hand or freeend of the pusher I4 will snap down behind the card into the positionshown and will serve to advance the card toward the left from theposition shown in Fig. 5. This advance toward the left, as will beexplained, is effected step by step so as to present the columns of thecard in succession to a row of sensing pins l5.

When the last column is in sensing position, it will occupy the positionshown in broken lines in Fig. l, where it is designated R, and in suchposition the leading edge of the card will be between the jaws of theejector generally designated 16,

which jaws serve to swing the card in a counter- 4 clockwise arc asviewed in Fig. 4 and deposit it in a hopper designated ll. The operationof picking the card from the bottom of the hopper l9, advancing it stepby step past the row of pins l5 and ejecting it from'the last columnposition into the hopper H are coordinated through the mechanism whichwill now be specifically explained.

The picker II is carried by an arm 18 secured to the right end of a rackl9 (see Fig. 3). This rack I9 is guided for reciprocation in a suitablechannel 20 and has teeth in its lower edge meshing with a gear 2| (seealsoFig. which gear is freely mounted on the shaft 22 and which hasintegral therewith a smaller gear 23. Shaft 22 is driven through wormand wheel connection 24 by a motor 25 (see Fig. 5) so that, when themotor is in operation, shaft 22 operates to rotate a clutch drivingratchet 26 (see Fig. 10) which is pinned to the shaft. In the plane ofdriving ratchet 26 is a dog 21 (Figs. 10 and 12) which is pivoted at 28to a cam 29. The free end of the dog 21 normally abuts the end of anarmature 30 which is pivoted at 3|. When magnet 32 is energized, thearmature 30 is attracted to the position of Fig. 13, thereby releasingthe dog 21 for counterclockwise rotation about pivot 28 under theinfluence of a spring 33, whereupon the single tooth 21a of the dog willengage ratchet 26 and be rotated thereby in a counterclockwisedirection.

The magnet armature 30, when in normal position (Fig. 10), engages alever 34 pivoted at 35 to hold the lever in the position shown in Fig.'10, where its right hand extremity holds a pair of contacts 36 in openposition and another pair of contacts 31 directly behind in closedposition (see Fig. 12). These two pairs of contacts 36 and 31 are shownin the circuit diagram (Fig. 172)) where it will be seen that, whencontacts 36 close, a circuit is completed from one side of line 38,through the contacts 36, and motor 25, to opposite side of line 39. Themotor 25 is constantly in operation at reduced speed through a circuitfrom line 38, a variable resistor 40, motor 25 to line 39. Resistor 49is adjusted to keep the motor running at reduced speed until contacts 36shunt out the resistor and the motor then runs at high speed. Briefly,then, the motor 25 is run at slow speed until the magnet 32 is energizedto close contacts 35. When magnet 32 is energized, it releases lever 34so that the latter may rock from the position in Fig. 10 to that of Fig.13, being urged to do so by the tension of the upper blade of contacts36.

With coupling of the dog 21 and ratchet 26 efiected as explained, cam 29turns counterclockwise carrying therewith a pin 40 (Figs. 3 and 14) towhich there is pivoted a link 4|. The opposite end of this link ispivoted at 42 to member 43 which has a safety pin-and-slot and springconnection 44 with a sector 45 pivoted on the stud 46. Sector 45 hasteeth meshing with the gear 23 so that through the mechanism traced thegears 23 and 2| will be rotated counterclockwise and then back again,while the cam 29 makes one complete revolution. The parts are shown intheir normal or home position in Fig. 3 and in Fig. 14 they are shownafter the cam 29 has made a half revolution.

The cam 29 carries a finger 46a which, after the cam has made a halfrevolution, will engage the left end of lever 34 rocking it back to itsposition of Fig. 10 and thereby opening contacts 35 again. This cuts theresistor 40 into the motor circuit again and the second half revolutionis completed at reduced speed. It has been found that resistor 40 may beomitted, in which case the motor is started when contacts 36 close, andstopped after the movement when contacts 36 open again. Under suchconditions the inertia of the parts carries them through the second halfrevolution back to home position.

When the revolution of cam 29 is completed, the dog 2'! engages the freeend of armature 30 which is now in its non-attracted position, and as aresult the tooth 21a is disengaged from the driving ratchet 25 and theparts are back in the starting position of Figs. 3 and 10.

It will be noted that during the first half revolution of cam 29 thesector 45 drives gear 2! counterclockwise and then back again to itsinitial position, and the gear 2| accordingly effects a reciprocation ofthe card picker rack l9 to advance a new card from hopper H) to the cardposition of Fig. 5.

The upper edge of rack l9 has teeth meshing with a gear 48 which isfreely mounted on a hub of a cam 53 which is free on a cross shaft 49(see Figs; 11m andi 11"); Av plate: a! integral! with cam 5c isadjustable with-respect to=gear=43gso that a slight. relative: angular:adjustment may be made between. the cam. and; gear and the ave securedtogether; by tighteningof thescrewsin the, endsaof plate? 5L.

securedrtolcrosscshaft seaisran 84131152. (see also Eig; 11: 2 towhichis pivetediaspring prcssed: dog

53; Whenrack 1.5? is. in: its: right hand position as-viewedimli'ig;1Q;a block; 54-. riveted thereto engagesand holds awamzlever 55in theposition offing. .11, ;where:the.-lever engages the; dog st'to hold itout of engagementrwitlnthe notchi-ncam 50. The action is such that,when. rack 59 is moved toward the left as explained, gear 33 and camfiflarerotated clockwise and block at: moves away from and" allowslleverlifit to rock counterclockwise, whereupon dog 53 rocksintoengagementrwith the notch in cam 5i: so that a coupling is eifected.through which the cross shaft 49 is alsoflrotated clockwise, as long asrack i9 continuesto move toward the left. The parts are soaproportionedthat shaft-49 is given a complete rotation: during the advancestroke ofrack l9 and oniits return-stroke cam 50 returns to'its initialposition,leaving the shaft 49 advanced. Near the end of the stroke/block 54raises lever 55:; back. to theposition of Fig. 11 and therewith dog53.:isrockedout: of engagement with cam 56. During the subsequentverifying operations, shaft 49. is stepped counterclockwise while camit" remains stationary and for this reason lever 55 isconfigured tohold-dog 53 out of'engagement with, thecam 53 for ashort period, untilits, engaging end has passed overthe cam notch;

Referringto' Fig; 5; the opposite end of shaft 49- haspinned thereto. agear 59 meshing with teeth in the lower edge of carriage rack I2 sothat; when rack is is moved'toward the left, carriage rack l2.moves inthe opposite direction to the position of Fig. 5"where it receives thecard advanced by the picker H. Rack It returnsto its starting positionwithout accompanying return of rack I2,,which latter rackis subsequentlyadvanced step by step during verifying operations.

Referring now to Fig. 3,- the cam '29 cooperates with a roller inaafollower-arm 57 pivoted. at 58 and held incontact with the cam by aspring 59. At its freeendarm. 5.? is connected to a link 6%! whoseoppositeend carries a, plate 6!. provided with a slot 62in which a pinSit-faston a gear sector 64 extends.

During thefirst: half revolution of cam 29, it rocks arm 5? clockwise tothe position shown in Fig; 14 with the result that link-$8 (Fig. 3') isdrawn to l the right and through the-safety spring connection 65 to pin:the sector 64 is rocked clockwise and in turn rotates pinion 66counterclockwise. This pinion, 6S issecured to rod. e? upon which theejector jaws l6 (Fig. l) are secured, so that rotation of pinion 66 willrock the jaws to-the dotted'lineposition of'Fig. 4i and the card R. willbe rocked therewith. The ejector comprises a fixed jaw as and. a. spingpressed law iiil'normally held slightly, apartby a pin it) whichpasses through. jaw 68. to en age jaw .65 to allow the leading edge or"the card 1% to enter the jaws.

Jaw 68 has-a turned up :camming. projection "H which serves as a stopfor the leading edge of the card and; when the jaws; swing to theirdotted line-position, cam projection. 'iien ages rock: the latteroounterclockwisepto thedotted position, shown.

It is to be noted that as 80.011. 9.51 theeiector starts its movemenhthejaws 68, 69 grip the card and hold it firmly as the jaws rotate. The arm33* when rocked has its upper. end forced against" the card edge toslide the card: out of the jaws 58.6% so thatit' may drop into thehopperv ll. During the second; half revolution cfi cam 29; link Bilreturnstothe position of Fig. Stand through the connections tracedswings the javes beuzkv to their card receivingposition.

Fromthe foregoing; explanation; itiis seen, that, when a cardiis in itslast column position, energization' of magnet 32. willinitiate a seriesof operations inrwhich: a. card-is ejected and, while it: is being:recited into the: hopper, a new card is-concurrently-advancedfrom thestack of new cards: and the card; carriage returns to receive the newcard. ,Thisnew card arrives in position forsensing of itsifirst column,and. verification thereof may be; immediately effected while camzecontinues through its second half revolution to returnthe ejector jawsl6 and the picker carriagea rack is.

A. spring pressed detenting lever is (Fig. 3) is provided toresiliently. hold: the cam 29 and link i! in homeposition by engagementwiththe pivot pin 48..

The card. feeding and ejecting. mechanism just described is similar tothat shown in Patent No. 2,333,461 to 55. Brand etv al.,.grantedNovember 2, 1943, and reference to this patent may be had for. furtherdetails.

Eiscapement mechanism.

Whenthe cardis in position belowthesensing pins 15 (Fig. 5'), furtheradvance is controlled by the escapement mechanism which in turn isresponsive-to the energizationof escape solenoid 80. Upon-energizationof solenoid 8i], lever 8| will be rocked abouta pivot in a clockwisedirection (Fig, 5) and through a screw 82'secured to rod 83 will rockthe rod 33 counterclockwise against the tens-ionof a spring 8 The rod'83is rocked as an incident to each spacing operation and has secured toone end thereof oppositely extending arms 36-, 8? (Fig. 15), of whicharm 86 is provided with a: laterally extending pin for engagement withan enlarged opening in a stepping dog 88? which is loosely pivoted onrod 43. Gpposite arm 81' is provided with a pin extending into a slotformed. in the locking dog 89. When rod 133 is-rocked clockwise in Fig.15, arm 86 willth-rough its pin and slot connection with dog 88nlift thelatter out of one of the notches o'f'the rack. iiiandat the same timearm 8'! will depress locking dog-8E1! into a notch between the rackteeth. At. this time a spring 98 advances the loosely. pivoteddog 8.8 ashort distance just sufilcient topermit this dog. to move above the topof the next tooth: When the locking dog is again-raised upon return ofrod 83, stepping dog dtfdueto themovementzof rack 12 will ride downalong: the: next tooth until it. strikes the end thereof and the:carriage is thereby arrested.

The. usual. spring drum (not shown) is prov idedi to, biastherack|2Ztoward the right as viewed in Fig. 15. The detailed structure of thisdog and rack arrangement. is well known and need not be furtherdescribed, and it is suificient to-note. that for each operation of thespace solenoid 8E1" the rack: l2 is-advanced one step or tooth, carryingwith it the pusher l4 and card stop I3; so that the card is likewiseadvanced 7 one step, each step of advancement being coextensive with thecolumnar spacing of the columns of the card.

Skip bar The machine is provided with the usual skip bar indicated at 92(Fig. 15) which is removably attached to the escapement rack I2 at oneside thereof and provided with suitable notches and cam surfaces whichcooperate with the usual skip lifter arm 93 which has the usual beveledend. The end of the lifter 93 lies under the dog 88 so that, if lifter93 is moved toward rack I2 and skip bar 32, at any time that a highportion of the skip bar is in line therewith the beveled end of thelifter will cooperate with the cam surface of the bar to raise the endof the lifter which, upon being so raised, elevates the dog 88 torelease rack I2. The lifter arm 93 will drop into the next notch in bar92 and dog 88 will interrupt further movement of the rack beyond suchpoint. The function of this skip bar 92 is to skip over the columns orfields which are not to be verified. The opposite end of the lifter 93has slot connection with a pin 96 (Fig. 1) in a bellcrank lever 95. Thislever is also connected to the plunger of skip solenoid or magnet 96, sothat when the latter is energized skip lifter 93 is shifted. Upondeenergization of magnet 96 the parts are returned to normal by a spring91 (see Fig. 10).

Release mechanism A further means by which the card may be advanced iscontrolled by a release solenoid or magnet designated 98 (Figs. 1 and 5)which, when energized, will rock lever 99 about pivot I causing a pinIOI in the lever to shift a slide I02 to the right as viewed in Fig. 5.This slide has hooked connection with member I03 to move membertherewith. This member is suitably mounted for such movement and at itsleft hand end is provided with a cam surface I04. Member I03 extendsbeneath the skip lifter 93 in the position indicated in Fig. and as themember I 03 is moved toward the right, cam surface I04 causes an upwardlift of member 93 which in turn raises the stepping dog 88, whereuponthe rack will be free to advance uninterruptedly toward the left.

A spring urged latch I05 will engage a notch ID? in slide I02 to holdthe slide in its shifted position until the rack. I2 is returned to itsfirst column position. At this time a projection I93 carried by the rackwill disengage the latch I05 and spring I08 will return slide I02 andmember I03 to normal resting position which allows the dog 88 to dropback into the rack I2.

Briefly summarizing, after the card has been initially advanced topresent the first card column to .the sensing pins I5, its furtheradvance is controlled for column-by-column movement through the spacesolenoid 80. Multiple column advancement is controlled through the skipsolenoid 96 in cooperation with the skip bar 92, and the completerelease of the card from any position to a position one column or stepbeyond its last column position is controlled by the release solenoid98.

Card sensing mechanism The record card sensing pins I5 are shown inFigs. 5 and 16. There are provided twelve of these pins each normallybiased upwardly out of the path of the card by a spring II 0. Above eachpin is a contact blade III extending across the elongated core II2 of amagnet II3. This magnet may be termed the card reading magnet and uponits energization all the blades I I I are drawn down against their pinsI5. In positions where a hole occurs in the card, the pin will descendfar enough for the end of the related blade III to close contactsdesignated H4. In other positions the pin is stopped by the uppersurface of the card and contacts II4 remain open. The magnet II3,through circuits to be explained, is energized whenever a column of thecard in line with pins I5 is to be sensed.

Master card sensing mechanism Referring to Figs. 1 and 16, a master carddesignated M may be placed in the machine in parallel alignment with thecards R. This card is held in position between a pusher IIS and aforward guide II? which are carried by cross arms H8 and II9respectively, which arms are extended from the escapement rack I2. Thecard M is manually placed in position and travels back and forth withthe card carriage. The operation is such that the card is advanced stepby step past a set of pins I20 for each of the successively fed cards R,and as each of the columns of the cards R pass their sensing pins I5,the corresponding card columns of the card M concurrently pass theirsensing pins I20. For the purposes of the present invention, there areprovided only six pins 529 for sensing certain positions of the cardcolumns. that is, the positions designated 0, 1, 2, 3, l, 5 (Fig. 6),and the master card is only pro vided with perforations in thesepositions. The pins I23 are mounted in the same manner as the pins I5and when magnet I2I is energized, blades I22 bear down on pins I20 toclose contacts I23 in the position or positions in which there is aperforation present.

Located beneath sensing pins I20 (Fig. 16) is a card lever I2 which,when a card M is in place on the carriage, will be rocked by the card tooperate a microswitch I25 to close a pair of contacts therein which aredesignated I25 in the circuit diagram (Fig. 17a).

Cutout contacts Referring to Figs. 6 and 9, there. is mounted on thecross arm I I9 a finger piece I2I pivoted at I28 (see Fig. l) whichfinger piece also has a depending pin I23. When it is desired tomanually backspace the cards, it is done by pressing against the fingerpiece I21 whereupon a slight rocking thereof is efiected before the cardcarriage actually moves. During this slight rocking, the pin I29 willrock a universal bar I30 about it pivot I3I to cause a depending fingerthereon to open the so-called cutout contacts I32.

Notching device In Figs. 5 and 16, a, link I33 is suitably mounted forvertical movement and has a notching extension I34 normally held abovethe plane of card R. Solenoid I39 when energized will rock bell crankI36 to draw link I33 down and cause extension I32 to cut a notch in thecard as indicated at I3'I in Fig. 7. An extension of bell crank I36serves to effect closure of a pair of contacts I38.

Miscellaneous contacts Several contacts in addition to those describedare provided in the machine, and the operation of these will be pointedout before the entire operation of the apparatus is explained inconnecwith the circuit diagram.

In Figs. 2 and6 is shown a;pair ofcontacts [39 known as the last columncontacts. These contactsare closed by an arm i438 secured to theescapement rack and so located that, when the escapement rack isadvanced to its extremelposition in whichthe last column of the card isadvanced one "step beyond the sensingipins, the extension Mil will be inengagement with and rock a lever Ml to close contacts 1'39.-

In Fig. 15 are shown'contacts' M2, whose upper blade is shifted by anarm his-which is loosely pivoted on the rod 83 and which has a lateralextension resting upon the'pi'n in arm 86 extending through the's'tepping'dog' 88-, so that'during esca ementfrcm one cclumntc anotherthe in oidental raising of the stepping dog "88 through arrnlfi'd wilcause opening of contacts M2 during the period that the dog i'srai's'e'd.

In there is shown a card lever M4 lying in'the path of the record cardas it'pa'sses from the magazine to the sensing position. Wh'e'n a cardreeds from the magazine, it causes rocking of the card lever to eiie'ct'clnsirig of a pair of contacts designated 145.

In Fig. 5 extensionllldon rack I2 will rock a lever MB toclose a pairof'first column contacts i-l'iwhenlthe carriage is in the position ofFig. 5, and these contacts will-o en as the .carriage'advances from thisposition.

Miscellaneous keys In addition to the character keys 2 of'Fig. 17, thereare provided f'our operating keys indicated in the circuit diagram asspace key 50 (Fig. 17a), which closes contacts lEl, auto start key 152(Fig. 1 76) which closes contacts I53, release key ['54 whichclosescon'tacts I56, and-skipkey which closes contacts I58 and F59.

The record card-s Before explaining'thegeneral operation of the machineinconne'cti'on with the circuit diagram, an explanation'willhe' given ofthevarious punching arrangements that mayc'ccurm acolu'mn'of the recordcard to be verified and to ex lainthe urpose of the master or patterncard "In Fig. 7 is shown a fragment of'arecord card with severalcolumnsperforated in a representa tive manner. The card has the usualtwelve till all

index point positions in which-digits arerecorded by a perforation "inthe co'rresponding digital index point position. Thealphabetic'characters are represented by the combination or twoperforati'ons, one occurringinone'of the digital po'si tions 1 to 9 andthe second occurring in the socalled zone positions 0, 11, 2. Thecomplete coding arrangement for the alphabet-is as given in thefollowing table Where the numerals followirig the letter indicate thetwo index pointposithe sensing pins [5 ready to he verified, theo'p'erator'may depress the 5 key 2 =and, i f there is an hole in column1,-the card willescape to th'e next column. If this columnis'one'inwhich an alphabetic character is recorded, the operator will press theappropriate alphabetic key 2 and, if the perforations correspond to thecoding for that character, the card. will' escape to the next column.

There are occasion's *wh'ere a'ca'rd column cemtains two perforations inwhich these :perfora' tions do not represent an alphabetic character.

Thus-for rixarnplepm column '7 (Fig. 7*) there a perforation in the 4and another in the 11 position. The 4 perforation represents the nu-'meral 4, while'the 'll' perforation represents what isrknown as an Xhole. These-X holes are utilizedto control the operation of the'tabulating machine to perform special functions, such assubtracting'and class selecting operations and may be made in columns inwhich other non-related numerical data is punched.

In the design or data arrangement of the tabulating cards, theparticular columns in which the X holes are to be punched arepredetermined. The operator in punching a card will perforate therequired numerical informa tion and also the X hole in the predeterminedcolumn or columns as required. In verifying these columns, the'yerifyin'g operator, when a column such as column 7 is in sensingposition, willfirstoperate the Xor '11 :key 2 or the :4 key 2 andthereafter the other of these two keys, in order to correctly check theperforations in this column.

"For the purpose or obtaining.a correct checb ing of these specialpunched columns fcr reascns' which Will more fully appear during the BX-planation of the circuit diagram, the master card M is provided, and in"each case where the card R is designed to be provided with-anX hole ina particular column the corresponding' cclu mn of the card M isperforated in the zero position.

In the initial preparation of the card- R, aparticular column is-pred'etermined to receive the special control perforation in the Xposition. The absence o'f'the special control hole-in s -h predetermined1 column also has a significance "in" the later operation of statisticalmachines, and it is necessary to :verify that cases whereth'e' column isnot to be specially pu'nchedthe tions that are perforatedrinacmumntOTepreS-e-nt to be omitted, the operator must nevertheless- InFig. 7 the column 1 is perforated to represent the digit 5', column 3 isperforated to repre sent'the letterG, and column 5 is perforated toexplained later the operation of the 35 key will not be enoughtocausesp'acing and tne operator must inadditionpress thespac'eikey I50.

In Fig. 8 there are zero perforationsin' the 7, 1'1 and 15 columns'ofcard M,'indicating that"thc corresponding columns ofthe card B;'(Fig. '2) are set aside as special control columns and have' eithe'r anX or no): perforation. It is to represent the latterL. When-column i1 isunder be noted in column L1 of card R that the X hole is made in acolumn in which no numerical per-' foration is made. For verifying thiscolumn 11, it is necessary for the operator to depress the 11 key 2 andthereafter the space key I50 in order to advance the card. If thespecial column 11 had no perforation or, in other words, showed a no-Xcondition, the operator is required only to press the space key I50,thus checking the correctness of the no-X condition, as any other blankcolumns are checked by the depression of the space key I50.

4 The columns in which an X hole has been made by some automatic methodas, for example, in a gang punch so that it is known that suchperforation occurs unquestionably in all cards, it is unnecessary forthe operator to separately test such column for the occurrence orabsence of a hole. The master card M is perforated in the 1 index pointposition in columns corresponding to those of the R cards containinggang punched holes. The effect of punching the corresponding hole in themaster card M is to cause the machine to disregard the gang punch hole.

' I.Where in the column in which a gang punched hole is made there isalso effected a numerical punching which the operator is to verify, themaster card in the corresponding column contains the corresponding 1hole. When such column is presented, the operator need only press thekey corresponding to the numerical perforation.

To eliminate verification of numeric data punched in the to 9 positionsof card columns, the master card M is punched in its 2 position in thecorresponding column or columns. This will cause the machine todisregard the numeric punchings.

- To cause the machine to automatically space over blank columns, a 3 ispunched in the master card in the corresponding column or columns. Thepresence of a hole in any column so spaced over will be detected andcause an error to be indicated.

Where it is desired to verify the presence of several punchings in thesame column, a 4 is punched in the corresponding columns of the mastercard. Operation of all the keys corresponding to the punched positionsand then depression of the space key will cause the column to escape ifthe punchings are correct. Incorrect punchings or key depression willcause an error indication.

When verifying alphabetic information, such as names, whose length mayvary, it is often desirable to release the card manually after the lastcolumn containing a perforation related to the name has been verified.This would not be the same column in each case and is under control of a5 perforation in the master card, made in the column corresponding tothe one in which the last punching is made for the shortest possiblename. Thus, for example, where cards containing names as Jones,Praendergast, Tompkinson, etc. were verified and it is predeterminedthat Jones is the shortest, a 5 is punched in the master card in thecolumn corresponding to that in which the S in the name Jones ispunched. This sets up a condition whereby, after this column has beenverified, the release key I54 may be operated to free the carriage foradvance to its eject position. For the longer names, the release keywould be operated after their last letters have been verified.

Some of the above control holes in the master card may be provided incombination. As an example, the 1, 2 and 3 holes may be punched in asingle column to eliminate verification of 11s and 0 to 9 and also toautomatically space over the column in which the control hole ispunched.

The above outlines the various perforating conditions that may confrontthe operator, and the manner in which the machine functions in handlingeach of these conditions will now be set forth in connection with thecircuit diagram (Figs. 17, 17a and 17b).

Circuit diagram Referring to Figs. 17, 17a and 17b, current is suppliedfrom a suitable source through a switch I (Fig. 17) to line 39 at theleft side of circuit and to line 38 at the right side, and with cards tobe verified placed in the magazine I0 (Fig. 1) the machine is ready tocommence operations.

.As a result of some prior operation, the carriage may at this time beeither in its 80th column or 1st column position, that is, in positionwherein the carriage presents the 80th or 1st card column to the sensingpins I5. The starting operations will vary for the two stoppingconditions and it will first be assumed that the carriage is in its 1stcolumn position at this time. When switch I55 is closed, there is acircuit completed from line 39 (Fig. 1%), contacts 31, wire I60,contacts I32, relay R41 and wire I6I to line 38.

With the carriage in its 1st column position, contacts I41 (Fig. 17b)are closed and a circuit is traceable therethrough from line 39,contacts 31, wire I 60, wire I65, B contacts of R41, wire ISI, ALcontacts of R43, contacts I4'I, relay R51 and wire I6I to line 38. RelayR5! closes its A contacts to provide a holding circuit through the ALcontacts of relay R43.

The operator presses release key I54 (Fig. 171)) and this completes acircuit traceable from line 39, wire I62, release key contacts I56,contacts BL of relay R48, winding P of relay R5I, and wire I6I to line38. A parallel circuit extends from the BL contacts of relay R48 to theB contacts of relay R56, and the release solenoid 93 to line 38. As aresult, the carriage is freed to advance to its last column positionwherein the last column contacts I39 close and energize relay R43,through the circuit from line 39, contacts I39, relay R43 and wire I6Ito line 38. Relay R43 opens its AL contacts to deenergize relay R51 atthis time.

At this point then, relays R43, R41 and RBI 7 are energized, the lastbeing held through its AU contacts in a holding circuit traceable fromline 39, contacts 31, wire I60, AU contacts of R5I, holding winding ofR5I designated H and wire I6I to line 38.

The operator now presses start key I52 closing contacts I53 to completea circuit from line 39, wire I64, AU contacts R43, contacts I53, relayR53, wire I6I to line 38. Relay R53 then closes its B contacts and acircuit is traceable from line 38, latch contacts 31, wire I60, wireI55, B contacts of relay R47, wire I66, B contacts of relay R53, wireI61 (Fig. 17a) A contacts of relay R30, read magnet H3 (and control readmagnet I2I through card lever contacts I26 if there is a master card onthe carriage) to wire IBI and line 38. A parallel circuit from wire I6?energizes relay R35.

' Relay R35 closes its A contacts to energize relay R30 through acircuit branching from wire I61, A contacts of relay R35, relay R30, towire I6I and line 38. Before this circuit is completed,

13f ther'ead magnets I 2| and H3 willhave'operated to cause sensing ofthe cards and energization of relays R21, R28. E'nergization of relayR3il opens its A contacts to break the circuit to the read magnets sothat the sensing operation is a momentary one.

It is to be noted at this point that, when there is a record card in thecarriage and the carriage is in its last column position, the trailingmargin of the card is beneath the row of sensingpins I5. Thus, whenmagnet I2I is energized at this time with no card in the carriage, thepins I5 will all descend. Of these pins, the ones sensing the 8 and 9hole positions serve to detect the presence or absence of a card at thistime and closure of their related contacts II I (Fig. 1-7) will energizerelays R21 and R28 through circuits traceable from line 39 (Fig. 17b),contacts 31, wires I63 and I35, 13 contacts of R41, wire IBE, B'contactsof R53, wire I61 (Figs. 17a and 17), the 8 and 9 contacts II l, relaysR21 and R23 in parallel, and wire IGI to line 38.

These relays close their AL contacts to set up holding circuits fromwire IBI, relay R21, R28, the AL contacts of these relays, wire I58(Fig. 7a), wire I671, back to line 33 as already traced. With both theserelays energized, there is a circuit traceable from line 39' (Fig. 17b),wire I54, AU contacts of relay R43,'wire IE3 (Figs. 17a and 17), BUcontacts of R21 and R28 in series, wire 11%] (Figs. 17a, 1%), switchblade I1I, trip magnet 32 to wire IBI and line 38.

Operation of trip magnet 32 will open contacts 31 and close contacts 33(Fig. 1%), the latter completing the circuit to motor 25 whereby a cardwill be fed from magazine Ill to its lst column position andconcurrently the carriage will be shifted into positionto receive suchcard. Opening of latch contacts 31? will drop out the relays R41, R5I,R53, R21, R28 and the read magnets I2I and H3. The opening of lastcolumn contacts I39 (Fig. 172)) will drop out relay R 13. With thecarriage returned, latch contacts 31 will reclose'and the machine is inreadiness to commence verifying operations.

If when the card carriage is in the initial last column position thereshould happen to be a card therein from some prior operation or, if theoperator should for some reason have placed one therein, the sensingpins I5 would not descend and close contacts IM, as explained, since thetrailing edge of such card would prevent their doing so. As a result,the circuit to the trip magnet 32 would not be completed. In otherwords, nothing would happen and the operator must accordingly removethis card from the carriage so that pins I5 may initiate the trip mag"net operation. This is a'precautionary arrangement to prevent card jams.

The relay R5I initially energized through operation of the release keyI5 3 (Fig. 172)). as explained opens apair of BL contacts which areconnected in series through a wire I13 and the BL contacts of relay R44with the notching solenoid I to prevent any no'tching-of a card at thebeginning of operations.

Let it be assumed now that at the beginning of operations the carriageis already in its last column position. In such-case the 'release'key i51 is not depressed and only the start key I32 is operated, so thatcircuits are set up as already explained. In bothcases it is necessaryto have switch I1! (Fig. 171:) in closed position as shown, so that thetrip magnet 32 can be energized. The setting'of thisswitchdetermineswhether the '14 cards are to be automatically ejected into thehopper I1 from their last column position during verifying operations,or whether the machine is to stop after each card reaches last columnposition, for manual removal of the cards. When the switch is set in itsalternate or stop position, blade I1I opens the circuit to trip magnet32. Accordingly, if at the beginning of operations the switch I1! is inits open position, it must be shifted to closed position as apreliminary, and

after the first card has been advanced from hopper ID the switch may bereopened if desired.

As' stated, when trip magnet 32 is energized, a card is fed frommagazine Ii] to lstcolumn sensing position. In doing so the card engagesthe card lever IM to close contacts I65 (Fig. 'l'lb) and as a resultrelay R45 becomes energized through its coil H and closes its AUcontacts to setup a holding-circuit for the relay which holds throughcoil H until the latch contacts '31 again open.

At the end of the card feed stroke, latch contacts 3:1 reclose as thecard Rarriv'es at thesensing pins I5 and'a circuit is completed from.line 33 (Fig. 17b), contacts 31, wire I60, wire I65, "B contacts ofrelay R41, wire I56, i l contacts of relay R43 (now closed due toopening of last column contacts i439) wire I14, floating cam contactsI42, Wire IldC'contacts of relay R45, wire 3, E contacts of relay R51,wire I61 (Fig. 17a) A contacts of relay R30, the read magnets Ill and H3in parallel to wire IBI and line 33. As before, relay R35 is alsoenergized to in turn energize RW and break the read magnetcircuit, sothat the operation thereof is butmom'entary.

As a result, the pins I5 read the first column of card R and, where aperforation is encoun tered, the related contacts H4 (Fig. 17) close toenergize one or more of the twelve magnets RI? and R28 which close theirrelated AL contacts to set up a holding circuit from wire I'6I connectedto line 38, relay R24, for example, its AL contacts, wire I68 (Figs.17a, 17b), C contacts of relay R45, floatingcam contacts Hi2, wire I113,AL contacts of relay R43, wire I66, B contacts of relay R41, wires I65and Hill, contacts 31 to line 39. The relay R24 thus energized inresponse to the sensing of a 5 hole will now be held until the carriageescapes to the next column and contacts I42 open as an incident to theescapement.

The operator new depresses the 5 key 2 (Fig. 17) causing the closure ofthe related contacts 3. Operation of the 'key as explained also causesclosure of the bail contacts 4, so that a circuit is now completed fromline 33 (Fig. 1%), contacts 31, wire I60, wire I55, B contacts of relayR41, BU contacts of relay R46, wire It? (Figs. 17a, 1'7), bail contacts4, the 5 contacts 3, 5 wire of group I18, relay R5, wire I19 (Fig. 17a)to line 33.

Relay R9 closes its AL contacts to set up a holding circuit traceable asbefore to wire I1? (Fig. 17a) from which it branches through the Bcontacts of relay RIG, wire I83 (Fig. 17), AL contacts of relay R3,relay R9, and wire H3 to line 38.

At this point, relay Rzllis energized in response to sensing a 5 hole incolumn 1 of card R and relay R3 is energized in response to operationofthe 5 key 2, which is a case of correspondence. This will result inenergization of a pair of socalled verification relays Rail-and R H(Fig. through circuits traceable as follows. For relay R4! the circuitruns from line 39 (Fig. 17b), contacts 31, wires Ififi, I65, B contactsof R31, wire 181 (Fig. 17a), B contacts of R15, wire 182 (Fig. 1'1), AUcontacts of R9, wire 183 (Fig. 17a), BL contacts of R52, B contacts ofR33, wire 184 (Fig. 17), BL contacts of R13, AU contacts of R28, BLcontacts of R12, AU contacts of R21, BL con-- tacts of R1 1, AU contactsof R25, BL contacts of R10, AU contacts of R25, BL contacts of R9(shifted) AU contacts of R24 (shifted), BL contacts of R8, AU contactsof R23, BL contacts of R1, AU contacts of R22, BL contacts of R6, AUcontacts of R21, BL contacts of R5, AU contacts of R20, BL contacts ofR4, AU contacts of R19, Wire 185 (Fig. 17a), AU contacts of R33, wire186, P coil of relay R41 and wire 151 to line 33.

For relay R46, the circuit is the same up to the BL contacts of R52,through which it branches to the BL contacts of R31, then through the Bcontacts of R32, wire 190* (Fig. 1'1), BL contacts of R3, BL contacts ofR2, AU contacts of R18, BL contacts of R1, AU contacts of R11, wire 191(Fig. 17a), P coil of relay R411 and wire 161 to line 38.

Relays R40 and R41 close their AU contacts to set up holding circuitsfrom wire 161, holding windings H of the relays, the AU contacts of therelays, wire 182, to 13 contacts of R15, wire 181 (Fig. 171)), Bcontacts of R41, latch contacts 31 to line 39. These circuits are helduntil relay R15 is energized as will be presently explained.

Referring to Fig, 17, there are shown contacts controlled by the cardcontrolled relays R11 to R26, there being AL, AU and BL contacts foreach of these relays. For example, the relay R24 when energized opensthe right hand one of a pair of contacts BL and closes the left handpair of contacts. Also, when energized, magnet R24 shifts a pair of AUcontacts. The BL and AU contacts of these magnets are shown adjacent tothe corresponding BL contacts of the related key relays R1 and R12 andwired so that a series circuit extends normally through the AU contactsof the card controlled relays and the BL contacts of the key controlledrelays, beginning with AU contacts of relay R28 and extending seriallythrough the contacts to the AU contacts of relay R19 and then to theso-called verification relay R41. This series circuit is controlled bythe card and key relays related to the digits to 9 inclusive.

The relays R1, R2, R3, R11 and R18 for the 11 and 12 positions and theircontacts control a separate series circuit running from the BL contactsof R3 through the contacts of the other of these relays to a secondso-called verification relay magnet R45. The BL contacts of the R1 toR13 relays and the AU contacts of the R51 to R28 relays of any relatedpair are wired to create a shunt around the associated contacts whenboth the relays of the related position are energized. Thus, forexample, if magnets R9 and R24 are both energized, the series circuitwill run as traced, to the verification relay R41.

Similarly, if relays R1 and R11 are both energized, the circuit for thesecond verification magnet R49 will run through the right hand BLcontacts of R1 and the left hand AU contacts of R11 to wire 191. It willbe apparent therefore that, if any of the card or key controlled relaysare energized without accompanying energization of the correspondingopposed relay, the circuit related to the verification relay R41 or R49is not completed. When any such non-conformity occurs, a circuit will becompleted to energize an error relay R42 which may be explained by aspecific illustration. Assuming that the R9 relay is energized withoutaccompanying energization of relay R24, there will be a circuittraceable as before (Fig. 1'7) to the BL contacts of R9 (shifted), BLcontacts of R24 (not shifted), wire 193 (Fig. 17a), B contacts of R30,wire 194 (Fig. 1%), P coil of relay R42 to line 38. Conversely, if relayR24 is energized without accompanying energization of magnet R9, asimilar circuit is traceable from BL contacts of R9 (not shifted), to BLcontacts of R24 (shifted), and wire 193 to the relay R42. Likewise, forthe arrangement including the relays for the 11 and 12 positions, ifrelay R1 is energized without accompanying energization of relay R11,the circuit follows from wire 199 (Fig. 17) to the BL contacts of R1(shifted) and the BL contacts of R11 (not shifted) to wire 193 and relayR42 as before and again, if relay R11 is energized without accompanyingenergization of relay R1, the circuit will run from the BL contacts ofR1 (not shifted), through BL contacts of R11 (shifted), wire 193 torelay R42.

Briefly summarizing the operation of the verifying or checking circuits,they are divided into a pair, one of which is controlled by the 11 and12 key and card relays, while the other is controlled by the O to 9 keysand card positions. In either of the pair of checking circuits a circuitpath is provided when a pair of related relays is energized or when noneof them are energized. When either a key or card relay is energizedwithout accompanying energization of the other magnet, the circuit pathfor the R40 or R41 relay is broken and a circuit path is provided forthe error relay R42.

The relays R40 and R41 each have a pair of AL contacts (Fig. 17a) whichare connected in series and, when both are closed, complete a circuittraceable from line 39 (Fig. 171)) contacts 31, wires 160, 165, Bcontacts of R41, wire 181 (Fig. 17a), B contacts of R15, wire 182 (Fig.17b), B contacts of R42, wire 192, AL contacts of R41 and R49 (Fig. 17a)in series, escape solenoid 81] to wire 161 and line 38. Energization ofsolenoid 88 will operate the escapement mechanism to advance the card tothe next column and in doing so the escapement dog in Fig. 15 willmomentarily open contacts 142.

Opening of contacts 142 will break the holding circuit to relay R35(Fig. 17a) and open its A contacts to deenergize relay R311. The Bcontacts of R35 will complete a circuit from line 39 (Fig. 17b),contacts 31, wires 160, 185, B contacts of R41, BU contacts of R46,wire111 (Fig. 17a), B contacts of R35, wire 196, relays R15 and R16 inparallel, wire 119 to line 38. If at this time the operator is holding akey depressed, the relay R15 closes its A contacts to set up a holdingcircuit from line 38, wire 119, relay R15, its A contacts, Wire 191(Fig. 17), bail contacts 4, wire 111 (Figs. 17a and 17b), BU contacts ofR46, B contacts of R41 and thence to line 39.

The incidental opening of the B contacts of relay R15 (Fig. 17a) breaksthe circuit to the verification relays R46 and R41 and prevents theirenergization as long as a key is held depressed.

Verifying alphabetic punching Let us assume now the punching of analphabetic character is to be verified, for example, the letter Grepresented by perforations in the '1 and 12 index point positions.Sensing of the column containing these holes will cause energization ofthe relays R26 and R11 (Fig. 17). When the alphabet key 2 for the letterG is depressed, the appropriate pairs of contacts 3 will be closed toenergize the relays RII and RI, the circuits for the latter beingtraceable in part from bail contacts 4 (closed as a result of operationof any of the alphabet keys), two pairs of contacts 3 for the G key,thence in parallel through wires I'IB to the RI I and RI relays, wireI19 to line 38.

The wiring arrangement between the alphabet key contacts 3 and therelays RI to RI3 is arranged in accordance with the coding table setforth hereinabove, so that the relays will be energized in combinationsaccording to the coding. The relay R26 will shift its AU contacts tobreak the checking circuit of relay R4I which will be recompleted by theBL contacts of relay RII to establish the circuit through theverification magnet RM. Similarly, in the second checking circuit therelay RI! will shift its AU contacts to break the checking circuit whichis reestablished by the shift of the BL contacts of relay RI to enableenergization of the second verification relay R49, the energization ofthe two relays R46 and RM establishing the circuit for energization ofthe escapement magnet 80 to cause the card to present the next column tothe sensing brushes.

Space key operation For verification of a blank or a non-perforatedcolumn, the operator will depress the space key I56 (Fig. 17a). If thecolumn sensed contains no perforations, there will, of course, be nocard relays RI'i to R28 energized. Depression of the space key I50 willclose its contacts I5I so that a circuit is traceable from line 39 (Fig.17b), wire I62, (Fig. 170,), contacts I5I, relay RI4, wire I19 to line33. Relay RM closes its A contacts to set up a holding circuit fromrelay RM, its A contacts, the B contacts of RIG, wire III (Fig. 171)),BU contacts of R46, B contacts of R41, wires I65 and. IE0, contacts 3'!to line 39.

Closure of the BL contacts of RM will complete a circuit from line 39(Fig. 171)), contacts 31, wires I66, I65, B contacts of R 51, wire I8I(Fig. 17a), B contacts of RI5, BL contacts of Rlt, wire I99 (Fig. 1'7),BU contacts of RIB, wire 26!] (Fig. 17a), B contacts of R32, wire I90(Fig. 1'7), BL contacts of R3, BL contacts of R2, AU contacts of RIB, BLcontacts of RI, AU contacts of RN, and wire I9I to the verificationrelay Rdii as before. A parallel circuit runs from the BL contacts ofRM, wire H39 to the BU contacts of RIB, wire 200, BL contacts of R3I, Bcontacts of R33, wire I84 (Fig. 17), BL contacts of RIB, and thenceserially through the checking circuit to wire I85 and to verificationrelay RM as before.

Indication of an error From what has been explained above, it isapparent that, when the perforations in the column sensed agree with thekey operated, a card controlled relay or relays will be energized andthe corresponding key controlled relay or relays will'also be energizedand in the case of a blank column none of these relays will beenergized, resulting in the energization of both verification magnetsR46 and Re! which control the escapement of the card to the next co1-umn. Under conditions of disagreement where either a ke or a card relayis energized without accompanying energization of the othercorresponding relay, one or both of the relays R40 and RM will not beenergized so that the escapement magnet circuit cannot be completed andthe error circuit will energize the error relay RGZ. When the pick-upwinding P of this magnet is energized, its A contacts (Fig. 17b) areclosed and the holding winding H is energized and held through a circuitfrom line 38, wire IBI, holding winding H of relay R42, A contacts ofR42, wire 20c, AU contacts of R45, wires I65, I60, contacts 3'! to line39. In parallel with this holding coil is an indicating lamp 2M whichthen lights and remains so, indicat ing to the operator that an errorhas been detected either in the arrangement of the perforations on thecard or that the operator has not pressed the proper key. Upon detectionof an error, therefore, the column being verified is not advanced butremains in sensing position and the indicating lamp 26! remains lighted.

Relay R42 shifts B contacts (Fig. 17b) to break the circuit to theescapement solenoid (Fig. 17a) and to also complete a circuit traceablefrom line 39, contacts 37, wires H50, I65, B contacts of R47, wire IBI,B contacts of RI5, wire I82 (Fig. 1%), B contacts of R42, wire 202, ALcontacts of R5I, relay R48, wire ml to line 38. Energization of relayR48 opens its BL contacts and breaks the connections to the release keyI54 so that the card cannot be advanced by depression of this key.

Relay R48 closes its A contacts to set up a holding circuit from wireI82, the A contacts of RM to wire Ifil and line 38.

The disagreement indicated by the failure to escape and the lighting oflamp 2!)! may be due to an error in the punching or due to an error inkey operation. For the latter reason, as where the wrong key wasdepressed through hasty operation, the operator is given a secondopportunity to more deliberately operate a verifying key. If the secondoperation results in agreement, the carriage will escape and furtherverifying resumes. If it results in a repeated disagreement, theescapement remains locked against operation and the release solenoid 98is automatically energized to shift the carriage to its last columnposition.

Before making a repeat verification, the operator presses the releasekey I54 (Fig. 172)) and a circuit is thereby completed from line 39,wire I62, release key contacts I56, relay R48, wire I6I to line 38.Relay R 56 opens its AU contacts in the error signal circuit, so thatlamp ZOI is extinguished and relay R42 is deenergized.

Relay R46 shifts its BU contacts which are in the holding circuitsthrough wire I H in the key controlled relays RI to RIB, so that theserelays become deenergized. Relay R46 also shifts its BL contacts toenergize relay R49 through a circuit from line 39 (Fig. 17b), contacts37, wires I60, I65, B contacts of R47, wire I8! (Fig. 17a), B contactsof RI5, wire I82 (Fig. 172)), BL contacts of R46 (shifted), relay R49,wire EGI to line 38. The A contacts of Rt!) provide a holding circuitthrough wire I 82.

When the key I54 is released, relay R48 becomes deenergized and uponrestoration of the BL contacts a circuit is completed to energize relayR50 which will set up a condition for causing automatic release of thecarriage if the repeat key operation results in disagreement. Thiscircuit is traceable from line 39 to wire I82 (Fig. 17b) as just traced,then to the BL contacts of R4 5, B contacts of R59, and relay R58 towire, I6I, and line 38. The AL contacts of R50 pro-

